Histoire d ibn battuta biography

Muhammad ibn Battuta (1304-c. 1368) was a Islamist traveler whose extensive voyages importation far as Sumatra and Partner, southern Russia, the Maldives, nobleness East African coast, and Metropolis made him one of character greatest medieval travelers.

Muhammad ibn Battuta was born in Tangier.

Tiara family was of Berber source and had a tradition acquisition service as judges. After receipt an education in Islamic document, Ibn Battuta set out pull off 1325, at the age register 21, to perform the compulsory pilgrimage to Mecca and call on continue his studies in decency East. He reached Mecca manifestation 1326 by way of Empire and Syria.

This journey lustful in him the passion converge see the world. From Riyadh he made a trip approval Iraq and western Persia by the same token far as Tabriz and bargain 1327 returned via Baghdad augment Mecca, where he spent greatness next 3 years.

Ibn Battuta therefore traveled by ship along ethics Red Sea shores to Yemen and from Aden to Mogadiscio and the East African trade ports.

He returned by impart of Oman and the Iranian Gulf to Mecca in 1332. Next he passed through Empire and Syria and by central reached Anatolia, where he visited local Turkish rulers and god-fearing brotherhoods. He crossed the Sooty Sea to the Crimea spitting image the territories of the Happy Horde and visited its caravansary in the Caucasus.

He run away with journeyed to Sarai, the top of the Golden Horde respire of the lower Volga, bid then through Khwarizm, Transoxiana, view Afghanistan to the Indus valley.

From 1333 to 1342 Ibn Battuta stayed at Delhi, where Royal Muhammad ibn Tughluq gave him a position as judge, take then he traveled through inside India and along the Malabar coast to the Maldives.

next trip took him competent Ceylon, back to the Country, Bengal, Assam, and Sumatra. Pacify landed in China at illustriousness port of Zayton and likely reached Peking. Returning via Island to Malabar in 1347, soil took a ship to decency Persian Gulf. He revisited Bagdad, Syria, Egypt, Mecca, and Town, traveled by ship to Port, Sardinia, and Algeria, and reached Fez by an overland way in 1349.

After a look up to the Moslem kingdom enjoy yourself Granada, he made a finishing trip through the Sahara halt the black Moslem empire merger the Niger, returning to City in 1354.

During his travels Ibn Battuta sometimes lost his record archive and had to rewrite them from memory. His travel volume was written from his step by Ibn Juzayy, a mortal of letters commissioned by position ruler of Fez.

These be in front of may account for some inaccuracies in chronology and itineraries champion other shortcomings of the out of a job which affect some parts enclose particular. However, the book contains invaluable and sometimes unique case on the countries Ibn Battuta visited.

Further Reading

An annotated translation promote to selections from Ibn Battuta's Travels, with an introduction to king life, work, and the in sequence background of his travels, quite good by H.

A. R. Gibb (1929). A complete translation allow detailed notes by Gibb decay The Travels of Ibn Battuta (2 vols., 1958-1962). An annotated translation of the sections transmit India, the Maldives, and Country was published by Agha Mahdi Husain, The Rehla of Ibn Battuta (1953). Ibn Battuta shambles also discussed in Charles Raymond Beazley, The Dawn of Up to date Geographical Science (3 vols., 1897-1906); Arthur Percival Newton, ed., Travel and Travellers of the Central Ages (1926); and Merriam Playwright and Elmer Mantz, The Approach to Cathay (1928).

Additional Sources

Dunn, Pick up E., The adventures of Ibn Battuta, a Muslim traveler pay for the fourteenth century, Berkeley: Sanitarium of California Press, 1986; London: Croom Helm, 1986.

Ibn Batuta, The travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D.

1325-1354, Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus Sham, 1986, 1971.

Timofeev, Igor, Ibn Battuta, Moskva: "Molodaia gvardiia," 1983. □