Bret harte author biography worksheets

Bret Harte (born Francis Brett Hart; Sedate 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902) was an Americanshort story line writer and poet, best perpetual for his short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other idealized figures of the California Money Rush.

In a career spanning more than four decades, without fear wrote poetry, plays, lectures, game park reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches in addition to fiction. Because he moved from California molest the eastern U.S. to Aggregation, he incorporated new subjects distinguished characters into his stories, on the contrary his Gold Rush tales hold been the works most usually reprinted, adapted, and admired.

Biography

Early life

Harte was born in 1836 take New York's capital city attention to detail Albany.

He was named afterward his great-grandfather, Francis Brett. While in the manner tha he was young, his sire, Henry, changed the spelling exhaustive the family name from Dramatist to Harte. Henry's father was Bernard Hart, an Orthodox Somebody immigrant who flourished as clever merchant, becoming one of decency founders of the New Royalty Stock Exchange.

Later, Francis greater to be known by reward middle name, but he spelled it with only one "t", becoming Bret Harte.

An avid handbook as a boy, Harte in print his first work at mix 11, a satirical poem styled "Autumn Musings", now lost. To a certain extent than attracting praise, the verse garnered ridicule from his descent. As an adult, he assault to a friend, "Such clean shock was their ridicule fifty pence piece me that I wonder walk I ever wrote another brutal of verse".

His formal teaching ended when he was 13, in 1849.

Career in California

Harte la-de-da to California in 1853, afterwards working there in a back issue of capacities, including miner, educator, messenger, and journalist. He burnt out part of his life make the northern California coastal urban of Union (now Arcata), trim settlement on Humboldt Bay renounce was established as a steps supplies center for mining camps come to terms with the interior.

The Wells Fargo Messenger of July 1916, relates dump, after an unsuccessful attempt run into make a living in glory gold camps, Harte signed state as a messenger with Glowing Fargo & Co.

Express. Flair guarded treasure boxes on stagecoaches for a few months, thence gave it up to convert the schoolmaster at a high school near the town of Sonora, in the Sierra foothills.

He created his brand Yuba Bill from his thought of an old stagecoach driver.

Among Harte's first literary efforts, clean poem was published in The Golden Era in 1857, keep from, in October of that exact same year, his first prose operate on "A Trip Up rank Coast". He was hired introduction editor of The Golden Era in the spring of 1860, which he attempted to pull off into a more literary change.

Mark Twain later recalled make certain, as an editor, Harte high-sounding "a new and fresh see spirited note" which "rose test out that orchestra's mumbling confusion boss was recognizable as music". Mid his writings were parodies post satires of other writers, with The Stolen Cigar-Case featuring organization detective "Hemlock Jones", which Ellery Queen praised as "probably magnanimity best parody of Sherlock Author ever written".

The 1860 massacre pleasant between 80 and 200 Wiyot Indians at the village nucleus Tuluwat (near Eureka in Philologist County, California) was reported coarse Harte in San Francisco discipline New York.

While serving by reason of assistant editor of the Northern Californian, Harte was left soupзon charge of the paper via the temporary absence of circlet boss, Stephen G. Whipple.

After put your feet up published the editorial, Harte's struggle was threatened, and he was forced to flee one four weeks later. Harte quit his extraordinary and moved to San Francisco, where an anonymous letter available in a city paper court case attributed to him, describing general community approval of the bloodshed.

In addition, no one was ever brought to trial, contempt the evidence of a prepared attack and of references adopt specific individuals, including a cattleman named Larabee and other men and women of the unofficial militia titled the Humboldt Volunteers.

Harte married Anna Griswold on August 11, 1862, in San Rafael, California.

From the initiate, the marriage was rocky. Violently suggested that she was defective by extreme jealousy, while ahead of time Harte biographer Henry C. Merwin privately concluded that she was "almost impossible to live with".

The well-known minister Thomas Starr Striking recommended Harte to James Well-organized.

Fields, editor of the pre-eminent magazine, The Atlantic Monthly, which published Harte's first short rebel in October 1863. In 1864, Harte joined with Charles Rhetorician Webb in starting a original literary journal called The Californian. He became friends with stake mentored poet Ina Coolbrith.

In 1865, Harte was asked by proprietor Anton Roman to edit well-organized book of California poetry; was to be a case of the finest California writers.

When the book, called Outcroppings, was published, it contained single 19 poets, many of them Harte's friends (including Ina Coolbrith and Charles Warren Stoddard). Decency book caused some controversy, despite the fact that Harte used the preface trade in a vehicle to attack California's literature, blaming the state's "monotonous climate" for its bad metrical composition.

While the book was everywhere praised in the East, hang around newspapers and poets in illustriousness West took umbrage at rulership remarks.

In 1868, Harte became rewriter of The Overland Monthly, concerning new literary magazine, published get ahead of Roman Anton with the purpose of highlighting local writings.

Position Overland Monthly was more derive tune with the pioneering vital spirit of excitement in California. Harte's short story "The Luck notice Roaring Camp" appeared in honesty magazine's second issue, propelling him to nationwide fame.

When word clone Charles Dickens's death reached Writer in July 1870, he promptly sent a dispatch across influence bay to San Francisco nip in the bud hold back the forthcoming egress of the Overland Monthly funds 24 hours so that elegance could compose the poetic recognition, "Dickens in Camp".

Harte's fame inflated with the publication of enthrone satirical poem "Plain Language do too much Truthful James" in the Sep 1870 issue of the Overland Monthly.

The poem became superior known by its alternate nickname, "The Heathen Chinee", after yield republished in a Boston publication in 1871. It was likewise quickly republished in a numeral of other newspapers and life, including the New York Ebb Post, the New York Tribune, the Boston Evening Transcript, position Providence Journal, the Hartford Courant, Prairie Farmer, and the Saturday Evening Post.

Harte was embarrassed, however, to find that distinction popularity of the poem, which he had written to lambase the prevalence of anti-Chinese emotions among the white population robust California, was largely the goal of its being taken correctly by the very people unquestionable had lampooned, who completely misread the ironic intent of Harte's words.

Leaving the West

He was concrete to pursue his literary occupation and traveled back East be in keeping with his family in 1871 withstand New York and eventually run into Boston, where he contracted anti the publisher of The Ocean Monthly for an annual takings of $10,000, "an unprecedented counting at the time".

His commonness waned, however, and by leadership end of 1872, he was without a publishing contract move increasingly desperate. He spent rendering next few years struggling go up against publish new work or republish old, and delivering lectures stress the gold rush. The wintertime of 1877–1878 was particularly stiff for Harte and his kindred.

He later recalled it monkey a "hand-to-mouth life" and wrote to his wife Anna, "I don't know—looking back—what ever booked me from going down, calculate every way, during that bad December and January".

After months attention soliciting for such a lines, Harte accepted the position answer United States Consul in character town of Krefeld, Germany, greet May 1878.

Mark Twain difficult been a friend and promoter of Harte's until a stressfree falling out, and he difficult to understand previously tried to block steadiness appointment for Harte. In a-okay letter to William Dean Writer, he complained that Harte would be an embarrassment to high-mindedness United States because, as powder wrote, "Harte is a perjurer, a thief, a swindler, spiffy tidy up snob, a sot, a parazoan, a coward, a Jeremy Diddler, he is brim full remind you of treachery...

To send this dirty creature to puke upon primacy American name in a eccentric land is too much". At the end of the day, Harte was given a almost identical role in Glasgow in 1880. In 1885, he settled be of advantage to London. Throughout his time overload Europe, he regularly wrote assume his wife and children topmost sent monthly financial contributions.

Blooper declined, however, to invite them to join him, nor upfront he return to the Combined States to visit them. Sovereign excuses were usually related round money. During the 24 era that he spent in Accumulation, he never abandoned writing, soar maintained a prodigious output female stories that retained the gall of his earlier work.

He labour in Camberley, England, in 1902 of throat cancer, and evaluation buried at Frimley.

His bride Anna (née Griswold) Harte monotonous on August 2, 1920. Nobleness couple lived together only 16 of the 40 years renounce they were married.

Selected works

• Outcroppings (1865), editor
• Condensed Novels and Other Papers (1867)
• Tennessee's Partner (short story; 1869)
• The Luck of Roaring Camp, folk tale Other Sketches (1870)
• "Plain Language yield Truthful James", aka "The Profane Chinee" (1870)
• Poems (1871)
• The Tales celebrate the Argonauts (1875)
• Gabriel Conroy (1876)
• Two Men of Sandy Bar (1876)
• Drift from Two Shores (1878)
• An Successor of Red Dog, and Different Tales (1879)
• Flip and Found enraged Blazing Star (1882)
• By Shore most important Sedge (1885)
• A Millionaire of Larrikin and Devil's Ford (1887)
• The War of the Excelsior (1887)
• The Argonauts of North Liberty (1888)
• Cressy (1889)
• A First Family of Tasajara (1892)
• Colonel Starbottle's Client, and some bottle up people (1892)
• A Protégée of Banderole Hamlin's; and Other Stories (1894)
• Barker's Luck etc. (1896)
• Under the Red-Woods (1901)
• Her Letter, His Answer, subject Her Last Letter (1905)

Dramatic stream musical adaptations

• Several film versions catch the fancy of "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" have been made, including connotation in 1937 with Preston Expand and another in 1952 show Dale Robertson.
• Tennessee's Partner (1955) write down John Payne and Ronald President was based on the forgery of the same name.
• Paddy Chayefsky's treatment of the film adjustment of Paint Your Wagon seems to borrow from "Tennessee's Partner": two close friends—one named "Pardner"—share the same woman.

  The Spaghetti WesternFour of the Apocalypse evaluation based on "The Outcasts depose Poker Flat" and "The Annoy of Roaring Camp".

• The Soviet haziness Armed and Dangerous ([] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: no text (help), 1977) is based on Gabriel Conroy and another of Harte's stories.
• Operas based on "The Outcasts show consideration for Poker Flat" include those vulgar Samuel Adler and by Businessman Beckler.
• The actor Craig Hill was cast as Harte in character 1956 episode, "Year of Destiny", on the syndicated anthology convoy Death Valley Days, hosted gross Stanley Andrews.

  The "year surrounding destiny" is 1857, when Writer arrived in California. First out stagecoach guard, then a chronicle editor and schoolteacher, he in one`s own time finds fame as a romance writer.

Legacy

• Bret Harte Memorial in San Francisco
• There is a Bret Writer House- School of Journalism Philologist State University Arcata, Ca
• Bret Author, California, a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County
• Twain Harte, topping CDP in Tuolumne County, Calif., named after both Mark Couplet and Bret Harte.
• The Mark Duad Bret Harte Historic Trail (Marker Number 431 erected in 1948 by the California Centennial Commission), also named after both writers.
• Bret Harte Village in the Yellowness River community of Sacramento Region.

  Sacramento, California

• Bret Harte Court, top-hole street in Sacramento, California
• Bret Author Library, a public library lineage Long Beach, California
• Bret Harte Vestibule, Roaring Camp Railroads Felton, California
• Bret Harte High School in Angels Camp, California is named back end him.
• Bret Harte Lane in Philologist Hill, California.
• Bret Harte Elementary College in Chicago, Illinois
• Bret Harte Preliminary Middle School (Vermont Vista) Southeast Los Angeles, California
• Bret Harte Medial School in San Jose, California
• Bret Harte Middle School in Metropolis, California
• Bret Harte Middle School get going Hayward, California
• Bret Harte Elementary insipid Corcoran, California
• Bret Harte Elementary put in the bank San Francisco, California
• Bret Harte Clear in Burbank, California
• Bret Harte Uncomplicated in Cherry Hill, New Jersey
• Bret Harte Elementary in Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Elementary School in Modesto, California
• A community called The Shores of Poker Flat, California claims to have been the stop of Poker Flat, although bubbly is usually accepted that grandeur story takes place further north.
• Bret Harte Road in Frimley (the town in which Harte was buried) is named after him.
• Bret Harte Place in San Francisco, California is named after him.
• Bret Harte Lane, Bret Harte Finished, and Harte Ave in San Rafael, California.
• Bret Harte Terrace be thankful for San Francisco.
• Bret Harte Road esteem Berkeley, California.
• Bret Harte Road shrub border Redwood City, California.
• Bret Harte Route in Angels Camp, California.
• Bret Writer Road and Bret Harte Try in Murphys, California.
• Bret Harte Street in Reno, Nevada.
• Bret Harte Nurse, at Humboldt State University eliminate Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Alley throw Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Park alternative route Danville, California.
• In 1987 Harte exposed on a $5 U.S.

  Shipping stamp, as part of nobility "Great Americans series" of issues.

Images for kids

See also

In Spanish: Bret Harte para niños