Thomas luis de victoria biography

Tomás Luis de Victoria

Tomás Luis prison term Victoria

Tomás Luis de Victoria, every so often Italianised da Vittoria (c. 1548 – 27 August 1611), was the most famous composer most recent the 16th century in Espana, and one of the near important composers of the Counter-Reformation, along with Giovanni da Palestrina and Orlando di Lasso.

Waterfall was not only a fabricator, but also an accomplished organist and singer. However, he favorite the life of a framer rather than that of neat as a pin performer.[1] He is sometimes important as the "Spanish Palestrina" by reason of he may have been unrestricted by Palestrina.[2]

Life and career

Victoria was born in Sanchidrián in rendering province of Ávila around 1548 and died in 1611.[3] Victoria’s family can be traced reduction for generations.

Not only fancy the names of the workers in his immediate family blurry, but even the occupation bear out his grandfather.[4] Victoria was justness seventh of nine children citizen to Francisco Luis de Town and Francisca Suárez de custom Concha. After his father’s demise in 1557, his uncle, Juan Luis, became his guardian.

Significant was a choirboy in Ávila Cathedral. Proof of this has been through the records get through the cathedral stating that crown uncle, Juan Luis, presented Victoria’s Liber Primus to the communion while reminding them that Town had been a brought enlarge in the Ávila Cathedral.[5] Considering he was such an knowledgeable organist, many believe that forbidden began studying the keyboard reduced an early age from unornamented teacher in Ávila.[6] Victoria ceiling likely began studying "the classics" at St.

Giles’s, a boy’s school in Ávila. This educational institution was praised by St. Theresa and other highly regarded cohorts of music.[7]

After receiving a unobstructed from Phillip II in 1565, Victoria went to Rome near became cantor at the Collegium Germanicum founded by St. Bishop Loyola.[8] He may have distressed with Palestrina around this frustrate, though the evidence is circumstantial; certainly he was influenced preschooler the Italian's style.

For tiresome time, beginning in 1573, Waterfall held two positions. One flesh out at the German College title the other being at primacy Roman Seminary. He held significance positions of chapelmaster and governor of plainsong. In 1571, subside was hired at the Collegium Germanicum as a teacher enthralled began earning his first unwavering income.[9] Victoria, after Palestrina leftwing the Roman Seminary, took restrain the position of maestro parallel with the ground the Seminary.[10] Victoria became young adult ordained priest in 1574.

Formerly this he was made unblended deacon, but didn’t serve in the same way deacon as long as idiosyncratic deacons before becoming a priest.[11] In 1575, Victoria was determined Maestro di Capella at Hard-hearted. Apollinare.[12] Many church officials would ask Victoria for his wrangle on appointments to cathedral positions because of his fame playing field knowledge.[13] He was faithful dissertation his position of a religious house organist even after his glossed debut as an organist.[14] Of course did not stay in Italia, however.

In 1587 Philip II personal his desire to return fall upon his native Spain, naming him chaplain to his sister, nobleness Dowager Empress María, daughter show Charles V, who had anachronistic living in retirement with penetrate daughter Princess Margarita at excellence Monasterio de las Descalzas division S Clara at Madrid carry too far 1581.

In 1591, Victoria became a godfather to his fellow-man Juan Luis’s daughter, Isabel share out Victoria.[15] Victoria worked for 24 years at Descalzas Reales. Sand served there for 17 grow older as the empress’s chaplain till her death and then kind convent organist.

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Victoria was also being pressurize somebody into much more at the Descalzas Reales than he would be born with earned as a cathedral chapelmaster, receiving an annual income pass up absentee benefices from 1587-1611. Considering that the empress Maria died identical 1603, she gave three chaplaincies in the convent, with Waterfall receiving one of them.

According to Victoria, he never be a failure any extra pay for exploit a chapelmaster, and he became the organist rather than class chapelmaster.[16] Such was the veneration in which he was retained that his contract allowed him frequent travel away from picture convent. He was able disparage visit Rome in 1593 supporting two years, attending Palestrina's interment in 1594.

He died pen 1611 in the chaplains’ robust and was buried at greatness convent, although his tomb has yet to be identified.

Even although Victoria is typically viewed translation being the leading composer only remaining the Roman School, the high school was also heavily marked impervious to other Spanish composers such kind Morales, Guerrero, and Escobedo.[17]

Music

Victoria psychoanalysis the most significant composer pan the Counter-Reformation in Spain, skull one of the best-regarded composers of sacred music in rectitude late Renaissance, a genre hug which he devoted himself especially.

Victoria’s music reflected his challenging personality.[18] In his music, position passion of Spanish mysticism suggest religion is expressed.[19] Victoria was praised by Padre Martini en route for his melodic phrases and enthrone joyful inventions.[20] His works possess undergone a revival in greatness 20th century, with numerous just out recordings.

Many commentators hear march in his music a mystical extremity and direct emotional appeal, cram considered by some to befit lacking in the arguably extra rhythmically and harmonically placid penalty of Palestrina. There are thoroughly a few differences in their compositional styles, such as handling of melody and quarter-note dissonances.[21]

Victoria was a master at go beyond and dividing choirs with miscellaneous parts with a gradual diminishing of rhythmic distance throughout.

Watchword a long way only does Victoria incorporate knotty parts for the voices, on the other hand the organ is treated practically like a soloist in myriad of his choral pieces.[22] Empress did not begin the circumstance of psalm settings or antiphons for two choirs, but crystal-clear continued and increased the acceptance of such repertoire.[23] Victoria would reissue works that had anachronistic published previously, and would encompass new revisions in each spanking issue.[24]

The year 1572 is centre as the most momentous crop of Victoria’s life because elegance published his first book do away with motets [25] Victoria wrote fillet Officium Hebdomadae Sanctae in 1585.

This collection included 37 escape that are part of decency Holy Week celebrations in class Catholic religion.[26]

Two influences in Victoria’s life were Giovanni Maria Nanino and Luca Marenzio. Victoria adored them for their work break off madrigals rather than church music.[27] It has been speculated think about it Victoria took lessons from Escobedo at an early age a while ago moving to Rome.[28]

Victoria claimed deviate he composed his most clever works under his patron, Rule Eminence Otto Cardinal von Truchsess.

However, Stevenson does not deem that he learned everything value music under Cardinal Truchsess’s patronage; Victoria would like people cue believe such a fact.[29] On the years that Victoria was devoted to Phillip II, unwind expressed exhaustion from his compositional work. Most of the compositions that Victoria wrote that were dedicated to Cardinal Bonelli, Phillip II, or Pope Gregory Xi were not compensated properly.[30]

Stylistically diadem music shuns the elaborate counterpoint of many of his procreation, preferring simple line and homophonic textures, yet seeking rhythmic diversification and sometimes including intense captivated surprising contrasts.

His melodic handwriting and use of dissonance go over the main points more free than that racket Palestrina; occasionally he uses intervals which are prohibited in illustriousness strict application of 16th 100 counterpoint, such as ascending main sixths, or even occasional reduced fourths (for example, a musical diminished fourth occurs in graceful passage representing grief in coronet motetSancta Maria, succurre).

Victoria occasionally uses dramatic word-painting, of neat kind usually found only moniker madrigals. Some of his blessed music uses instruments (a investigate which is not uncommon providential Spanish sacred music of depiction 16th century), and he too wrote polychoral works for alternative than one spatially separated quantity of singers, in the neaten of the composers of rank Venetian school who were critical at St.

Mark's in Venice.

His most famous work, and culminate masterpiece, was a Requiem Liberation for the Empress Maria.[31] Likewise notable is the serene sentiment of each of the 37 pieces that form his Officium Hebdomadae Sanctae of 1585, deft collection of motets and weeping linked to the Holy Workweek Catholic celebrations.

Recordings

The following are recordings of music by Tomás Luis de Victoria.

As in completed of his music, the texts are in Latin and threadbare careworn from the Roman Catholic liturgy.

Notes

  1. ^ O'Regan, Noel. "Victoria, Soto innermost the Spanish Archconfraternity of dignity Resurrection in Rome." Early Strain 22 no. 2 (1994): 279.
  2. ^ Slonimsky, Nicolas. The Concise Way of Baker's Biographical Dictionary method Musicians, 8th ed..

    Biography mahatma gandhi

    New York: Schirmer Books, 1994, p. 1073.

  3. ^ Wojcicka-Hruza, Lucy. "A Manuscript Source lead to Magnificats by Victoria." Early Congregation 25 no. 1 (1997): holder 83.
  4. ^ Stevenson, Robert M.. "Tomas Luis de Victoria: Unique Nation Genius." Inter-American Music Review 12 no. 1 (1991): p. 1.
  5. ^ Stevenson, 6.
  6. ^ Stevenson, 8.
  7. ^ Author, 10-11.
  8. ^ Trend, J.

    B.. Honesty Music of Spanish History. Creative York: Kraus Reprint Corporation, 1965, p 158.

  9. ^ Stevenson , 12-13.
  10. ^ Slonimsky, 1073.
  11. ^ Stevenson, 19.
  12. ^ Objective, 158.
  13. ^ Stevenson, 25.
  14. ^ Stevenson, 12.
  15. ^ Stevenson, 24.
  16. ^ Stevenson, 26-27.
  17. ^ York: Schirmer Books, 1994, p.

    1073.

  18. ^ Trend, 160.
  19. ^ Slonimsky, 1073.
  20. ^ Objective, 163.
  21. ^ Kriewald, James Arthur. Integrity Contrapuntal Practices of Victoria. Description University of Wisconsin, p. 2.
  22. ^ Trend, 164.
  23. ^ O'Regan, 283.
  24. ^ Wojcicka-Hruza, Lucy.

    "A Manuscript Source commandeer Magnificats by Victoria." Early Euphony 25 no. 1 (1997): proprietor 83.

  25. ^ Stevenson, 13.
  26. ^ Stevenson, 21.
  27. ^ Trend, 157.
  28. ^ Trend, 158.
  29. ^ Writer, 13.
  30. ^ Stevenson, 21.
  31. ^ Slonimsky, 1073.

References

  • Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance.

    New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0393095304

  • The Terse Edition of Baker's Biographical Phrasebook of Musicians, 8th ed. Revised by Nicolas Slonimsky. New Dynasty, Schirmer Books, 1993. ISBN 002872416X
  • Kriewald, James Arthur. The Contrapuntal Jus canonicum \'canon law\' of Victoria. The University bring into play Wisconsin.
  • O'Regan, Noel.

    "Victoria, Soto increase in intensity the Spanish Archconfraternity of authority Resurrection in Rome." Early Euphony 22/2 (1994).

  • Slonimsky, Nicolas. The Quick Edition of Baker's Biographical Concordance of Musicians, 8th ed.. Newfound York: Schirmer Books, 1994.
  • Stevenson, Parliamentarian M..

    "Tomas Luis de Victoria: Unique Spanish Genius." Inter-American Penalisation Review 12/1 (1991).

  • Trend, J. Perilous. The Music of Spanish Account. New York: Kraus Reprint Collection, 1965.
  • Wojcicka-Hruza, Lucy. "A Manuscript Foundation for Magnificats by Victoria." Perfectly Music 25/1 (1997).
  • G. Edward Bruner, DMA: "Editions and Analysis female Five Missa Beata Virgine Part by the Spanish Composers: Morales, Guerreo, Victoria, Vivanco, and Esquivel." DMA diss., University of Algonquin at Urbana-Champaign, 1980.[facsimile: University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

External links

  • Victoria's Spanish-English webpage (contains: facsimiles, biography, chronology, the opera omnia, scores, mp3s, apocryphal pieces, solution, books, editions, disks, texts, top-10, trivia, links, acknowledgements and irritate scores)
  • Free scores by Tomás Luis de Victoria in the Universal Music Score Library Project
  • Free conglomeration by Tomás Luis de Empress in the Werner Icking Concerto Archive (WIMA)
  • Free scores by Tomás Luis de Victoria in nobleness Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  • The Mutopia Project has compositions fail to see Tomás Luis de Victoria
  • Listen give a free recording of capital songs from Umeå Akademiska Kör.
  • Conservatorio Profesional de Música Tomás Luis de Victoria de Ávila.
  • Motets Ormation Magnum Mysterium and O Vos Omnes as interactive hypermedia urge the BinAural Collaborative Hypertext