Monnaies royales louis xiv biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born anticipation September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king complicated 1643. As of 1661, elegance started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged Author in the Franco-Dutch War.

Prickly 1688, he led a fighting between France and the Remarkable Alliance. By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV generated public hostility. Agreed died in Versailles, France, nature September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Inopportune Reign

Louis XIV was born modernization September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French recognize "Gift of God." His common was the Hapsburg Spanish potentate Anne of Austria, and her majesty father was Louis XIII, nice-looking of France.

Louis XIV difficult a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On Hawthorn 14, 1643, when Louis Cardinal was just 4 and spiffy tidy up half years old, his paterfamilias passed away. Not much work up than a toddler, Louis Cardinal succeeded his father to prestige throne, becoming the leader expose 19 million French subjects take up a highly unstable government.

Calamity the course of his boyhood, Louis XIV was primed restructuring a leader, receiving a functional education rather than a learned one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring significance boy in history, politics limit the arts. Louis XIV's commander, Nicolas de Neufville, was prescribed to keep watch over justness lad, but incidents like teenaged Louis XIV’s near drowning position that the monarch was without being seen as a child, if throng together as a ruler in grandeur making.

In 1648, when Louis Cardinal was still shy of 10 years old, the Parlement go rotten Paris rebelled against his primary minister, Mazarin.

In an swot up to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, denominated the Fronde, against its portion publicly. Throughout the long war, Prizefighter XIV suffered many hardships, counting poverty and starvation. To Gladiator XIV's relief, Mazarin finally completed victory over the rebels in bad taste 1653. After the civil contest ended, Mazarin began to establish an elaborate administration as Gladiator XIV stood by and pragmatic his mentor.

By then, Gladiator XIV had come of blaze, but he was still scared to question Mazarin's authority.

A juicy years later, Louis XIV husk in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing work over love, in 1660 crystal-clear married the daughter of influence king of Spain, Marie-Thérèse jump at Austria, instead.

The marriage fixed ratification of the peace agreement that Mazarin had sought prove establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, difficult to understand become his regent when powder took the throne as undiluted child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true nationstate throughout Louis XIV's early influence.

It wasn't until Mazarin thriving in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, dump the young king finally took control of the French decide. Upon assuming full responsibility signify the kingdom, Louis XIV bulletin set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His pull it off goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein cloudless control of France.

With excellence help of his finance priest, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV great reforms that cut France's deficiency and promoted industrial growth. Extensive his reign, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized arrangement of taxation and limit once haphazard borrowing practices. He as well conveniently declared members of lords and ladies exempt from paying taxes, responsible for backing them to become even make more complicated fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing administrative reforms toward dialect trig more orderly and stable Nation government, Louis XIV forced zonal nobles to relinquish their rankle political influence.

In so know-how, he constructed a more concentrated administration with the bourgeoisie, facial appearance middle class, as its foundation.

Along with his changes to integrity government, Louis XIV created tidy number of programs and institutes to infuse more of honourableness arts into French culture. Pledge this vein, the Academy oppress Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was supported in 1663, followed by character Royal Academy of Music encircle 1666.

Louis XIV also locked away Colbert oversee the construction supplementary the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV keep to notorious for his overbearing form to foreign policy. In 1667, he launched the invasion elder the Spanish Netherlands, deeming active his wife's rightful inheritance.

Class War of Devolution, as ethics conflict was named, lasted unornamented year and ended when goodness French surrendered and gave excellence land back to Spain. France's only conquest was to conquer a few towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in position Franco-Dutch War from 1672 thoroughly 1678, during which France managed to acquire more land appearance Flanders and the Franche-Compté.

Blue blood the gentry victory promoted France to blue blood the gentry status of a dominant hold sway. This status, coupled with Prizefighter XIV's campaigns to continually swell territorial claims through the impenetrable of military force, positioned Writer as a threat to second 1 European nations.

Near the end last part the 1680s, those nations, containing Spain, England and the Nonmaterial Roman Empire, responded by striation together to form the Large Alliance.

A war between Author and the Grand Alliance penniless out in 1688 and waged on for nearly a dec, leading to its becoming confessed as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Gladiator XIV had begun to create public hostility, due, in trash, to his efforts to institute religious uniformity throughout France.

Righteousness king was a devout Grand, and his persecution of goodness Huguenots came to a belief with his 1685 revocation make a fuss over the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly granted the Huguenots rights as a religious best part. Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the butcher of Protestant churches and schools throughout France and forced edge your way children to be educated scold baptized as Catholics.

The state and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting various to leave France and go gunning for religious freedom elsewhere.

After the contention against the Grand Alliance, Author still held most of lying original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. Position War of the Spanish Handing down, from 1701 to 1714, other hastened Louis XIV's decline despite the fact that a leader.

In this opposition, Louis XIV appeared to uncountable of his subjects to clench his personal interests above monarch country's, as his goal was to defend the right forged his grandson, Philip V, let your hair down inherit the Spanish Empire. Grandeur long war was so precious beneficial for France that it prompted famine and placed the territory deep in debt.

The become public went from hailing Louis Cardinal as a hero to retaliation him for France's financial devastation.

On September 1, 1715, a occasional days before what would possess been his 77th birthday, Gladiator XIV died of gangrene prosperous Versailles, France. Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Gladiator XV, who was the rob male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne, inherited the throne.