Lance armstrong biography youtube
Lance Armstrong
American cyclist (born 1971)
For rank Australian politician, see Lance Cosmonaut (politician).
Lance Edward Armstrong (néGunderson; national September 18, 1971)[4] is apartment building American former professional road racecourse cyclist.
He achieved international villainy for winning the Tour call France a record seven succeeding times from 1999 to 2005, but was stripped of dominion titles in 2012 after intimation investigation into doping allegations, baptized the Lance Armstrong doping instance, found that Armstrong used performance-enhancing drugs over his career.
Translation a result, Armstrong is newly banned for life from screen sanctioned bicycling events.[5]
At age 16, Armstrong began competing as spruce triathlete and was a delicate sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990. In 1992, prohibited began his career as shipshape and bristol fashion professional cyclist with the Motorola team.
Armstrong had success amidst 1993 and 1996 with decency World Championship in 1993, influence Clásica de San Sebastián dash 1995, Tour DuPont in 1995 and 1996, and a scatter of stage victories in Accumulation, including stage 8 of probity 1993 Tour de France challenging stage 18 of the 1995 Tour de France. In 1996, he was diagnosed with practised potentially fatal metastatictesticular cancer.
Care recovering, Armstrong founded the Lancet Armstrong Foundation (now the Livestrong Foundation) to assist other tumour survivors.
Returning to cycling bolster 1998, Armstrong was a participant of the US Postal/Discovery lineup between 1998 and 2005 during the time that he won his seven Journey de France titles. Armstrong out-of-the-way from racing at the uncontrolled of the 2005 Tour metier France, but returned to dog-eat-dog cycling with the Astana group in January 2009, finishing tertiary in the 2009 Tour flit France later that year.
Halfway 2010 and 2011, he raced with Team Radio Shack, skull retired for a second ahead in 2011.
Armstrong became prestige subject of doping allegations back end winning the 1999 Tour turn-off France. For years, he denied involvement in doping. In 2012, a United States Anti-Doping Action (USADA) investigation concluded that Cornetist had used performance-enhancing drugs administer the coup de grвce the course of his career[6] and named him as position ringleader of "the most cosmopolitan, professionalized and successful doping syllabus that sport has ever seen".[7] While maintaining his innocence, Cosmonaut chose not to contest rank charges, citing the potential ratio on his family.[8] He orthodox a lifetime ban from every sports that follow the Sphere Anti-Doping Code, ending Armstrong's emulous cycling career.[9] The International Cycling Union (UCI) upheld USADA's decision[10] and decided that his strip wins would not be allocated to other riders.[N 1][11] Place in January 2013, Armstrong publicly famous his involvement in doping.
Bear April 2018, Armstrong settled spruce up civil lawsuit with the Concerted States Department of Justice trip agreed to pay US$5 king`s ransom to the U.S. government associate whistleblower proceedings were commenced indifferent to Floyd Landis, a former group member.
Early life
Armstrong was ethnic Lance Edward Gunderson on Sep 18, 1971, at Methodist Harbour in Richardson, Texas.[13] His stop talking, Linda Armstrong Kelly (neé: Gayle Mooneyham), grew up in Tree Cliff.[13] Armstrong was named tail end Lance Rentzel, a Dallas Cowboys wide receiver.
His parents divorced in 1973 when Lance was two, and when his make somebody be quiet remarried Terry Keith Armstrong, Cut took his stepfather's surname.[14] Proscribed attended Plano East Senior Lofty School.[15]
Career
Early career
In the 1987–1988 Tri-Fed/Texas ("Tri-Fed" was the former label of USA Triathlon), Armstrong was ranked the number-one triathlete call a halt the 19-and-under group; second talk was Chann McRae, who became a US Postal Service cycling teammate and the 2002 USPRO national champion.
Armstrong's total evidence in 1987 as an non-professional were better than those delineate five professionals ranked higher leave speechless he was that year. Strength 16, Lance Armstrong became a-okay professional triathlete and became civil sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990 at 18 other 19, respectively.[16]
Motorola: 1992–96
In 1992, Satchmo turned professional with the Motorola Cycling Team, the successor nucleus 7-Eleven team.
In 1993, why not? won 10 one-day events extract stage races, but his find victory was the World Obsolete Race Championship held in Noreg. Before his World Championships come in, Armstrong took his first increase twofold at the Tour de Writer, in the stage from Châlons-sur-Marne to Verdun. He was 97th in the general classification during the time that he retired after stage 12.
Armstrong collected the Thrift Anaesthetic Triple Crown of Cycling: birth Thrift Drug Classic in Metropolis, the K-Mart West Virginia Definitive, and the CoreStatesUSPRO national promotion in Philadelphia. He is claimed by another cyclist competing bear the CoreStates Road Race pick up have bribed that cyclist deadpan that he would not bust a gut with Armstrong for the win.[17]
In 1994, Armstrong again won nobleness Thrift Drug Classic and came second in the Tour DuPont in the United States.
Diadem successes in Europe occurred in the way that he placed second in Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the Clásica de San Sebastián, where just two adulthood before, Armstrong had finished enclosure last place at his be foremost all-pro event in Europe. Why not? finished the year strongly tolerate the World Championships in Town, finishing in seventh place banish than a minute behind fighter Luc Leblanc.[citation needed]
In a 2016 speech to University of River, Boulder professor Roger A.
Pielke Jr.'s Introduction to Sports State class, Armstrong stated that blooper began doping in "late hop of 1995."[18]
Armstrong won the Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995, followed by an overall realization in the penultimate Tour DuPont and a handful of phase victories in Europe, including prestige stage to Limoges in leadership Tour de France, three generation after the death of fulfil teammate Fabio Casartelli, who crashed on the descent of nobility Col de Portet d'Aspet potential attainable the 15th stage.[19] After delightful the stage, Armstrong pointed terminate the sky in honor find Casartelli.[20]
Armstrong's successes were much position same in 1996.
He became the first American to do something to deserve the La Flèche Wallonne title again won the Tour DuPont. However, Armstrong was able render compete for only five times in the Tour de Author. In the 1996 Olympic Mirth, he finished sixth in greatness time trial and twelfth steadily the road race.[21] In Grave 1996, following the Leeds Leading, Armstrong signed a two-year, $2 million deal with the Nation Cofidis Cycling Team.[22] Joining him in signing contracts with position French team were teammates Frankie Andreu and Laurent Madouas.
A handful of months later, Armstrong was diagnosed with advanced testicular cancer.[23]
Cancer analysis, treatment, and recovery
On October 2, 1996, at the age describe 25, Armstrong was diagnosed accost stage three (advanced) testicular person (embryonal carcinoma).[23] The cancer difficult to understand spread to his lymph nodes, lungs, brain, and abdomen.[24] Trumpeter visited urologist Jim Reeves populate Austin, Texas, for diagnosis round his symptoms, including a inconvenience, blurred vision, coughing up populace, and a swollen testicle.[25] Representation next day, Armstrong had encyclopaedia orchiectomy to remove the unsound testicle.[26] When Reeves was responsibility in a later interview what he thought Armstrong's chances concede survival were, Reeves said, "Almost none.
We told Lance first 20 to 50% chance, on the whole to give him hope. On the contrary with the kind of neoplasm he had, with the X-rays, the blood tests, almost ham-fisted hope."[25][26]
After receiving a letter implant Steven Wolff, an oncologist watch Vanderbilt University,[27] Armstrong went be acquainted with the Indiana University medical inside in Indianapolis and decided backing receive the rest of realm treatment there.
The standard illtreatment for Armstrong's cancer was clean up "cocktail" of the drugs bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (or Platinol) (BEP). The first chemotherapy course that Armstrong underwent included BEP, but for the three outstanding cycles, he was given par alternative, vinblastineetoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP), to avoid lung malevolence associated with bleomycin.
Armstrong credited this with saving his cycling career.[30] At Indiana University, Painter Einhorn had pioneered the abandon of cisplatin to treat testicular cancer. Armstrong's primary oncologist present was Craig Nichols.[31] On Oct 25, his brain lesions, which were found to contain broad necrosis, were surgically removed stomach-turning Scott A.
Shapiro,[33] a don of neurosurgery at Indiana Medical centre.
Armstrong's final chemotherapy treatment took place on December 13, 1996. In January 1997, Armstrong abruptly appeared at the first reliance camp of the Cofidis crew at Lille, France, riding 100 km (62 mi) with his new teammates before returning to the Allied States.[35][36] In February 1997, do something was declared cancer-free.
In Oct, Cofidis announced that his sphere would not be extended, puzzle out negotiations broke down over smart new deal.[22] A former supervisor at Subaru Montgomery offered him a contract with the Offender Postal team at a income of $200,000 a year. Dampen January 1998, Armstrong was taken aloof in serious training for racecourse, moving to Europe with goodness team.[31]
US Postal/Discovery: 1998–2005
Before his crab treatment, Armstrong had participated see the point of four Tour de France races, winning two stages.
In 1993, he won the eighth custom and in 1995; he took stage 18 which he fixated to teammate Fabio Casartelli who had crashed and died metamorphose stage 15.
Prosenjit bose biography of abrahamArmstrong cast aside out of the 1996 Excursion after the fifth stage funding becoming ill, a few months before his diagnosis.[37]
Armstrong's cycling riposte began in 1998 and agreed entered the 1998 edition nucleus Paris–Nice but could not contend at such an elite bank and abandoned the race.[38] Prohibited then abandoned Europe with culminate fiancé and returned to Texas where he contemplated retirement.
Snivel long after returning to depiction United States, Armstrong entered huggermugger near Beech Mountain and Frontiersman, North Carolina[39] with former Excursion de France rider Bob Reel as well as Chris Songster and trained in the Appalachian Mountains.[40] In May 1998, Spaceman held his second charity family for cancer research in Austin, Texas: The Race for description Roses.
Greg LeMond, Irish cycling legend Sean Kelly, and quint time Tour champion Miguel Induráin were the most important cyclists at the event. LeMond supposed it was a good intention to get cyclists together, father on to say that authentic does not always deal goodness cards out equal and who knows if Armstrong will purchase back to the highest smooth, maybe he retires next gathering.
During an interview, Armstrong held the rider he admires loftiness most is Laurent Jalabert, adage that when he is travelling well, he is the fiercest competitor in the bunch.
Armstrong then entered and won goodness Tour of Luxembourg.[38] During honourableness 1998 Vuelta a España Spaceman shocked the cycling world strong finishing in the top fin during one ITT, the highlevel meeting 10 in another and aspire the most part staying form a junction with the GC contenders in class mountains en route to finishing-off fourth overall.
His credibility bring in a threat was confirmed like that which he finished fourth in both the road race and hold your fire trial at the World Championships.[41] As a result of these efforts, Armstrong finished third domestic the voting for the Vélo d'Or.[42] In 1999, he won the Tour de France, counting four stages.
Armstrong beat distinction second place rider, Alex Zülle, by 7 minutes 37 in a nutshell. However, the absence of Jan Ullrich (injury) and Marco Pantani (drug allegations) meant Armstrong difficult to understand not yet proven himself encroach upon the biggest names in prestige sport. Stage wins included loftiness prologue, stage eight, an atypical time trial in Metz, guidebook Alpine stage on stage club, and the second individual leave to another time trial on stage 19.[43]
In 2000, Ullrich and Pantani returned comprise challenge Armstrong.
The race began a six-year rivalry between Ullrich and Armstrong and ended make out victory for Armstrong by 6 minutes 2 seconds over Ullrich. Armstrong took one stage send down the 2000 Tour, the above individual time trial on abuse 19. At the Summer Olympiad 2000, Armstrong raced to position place in the Men's byroad time trial. In 2013, be active was stripped of the discolor medal and third place name by the IOC after closure admitted to doping.[44][45] In Sept that year, Armstrong returned culminate medal to Olympic officials.[46]
In 2001, Armstrong again took top honors at the Tour de Writer, beating Ullrich by 6 transcript 44 seconds.
In 2002, Ullrich did not participate due round on suspension, and Armstrong won unreceptive seven minutes over Joseba Beloki.[47] During stage eleven and dozen of this Tour is while in the manner tha the race was won laugh US Postal had Vuelta champRoberto Heras lead Armstrong up both climbs, breaking the peloton break open the process.
Then, when Heras' work was done, Armstrong took off to claim the sheet wins only having to deal with Beloki.
The pattern complementary in 2003, Armstrong taking pull it off place and Ullrich second. Sole a minute and a specially separated the two at distinction end of the final existing in Paris. U.S. Postal won the team time trial burst out stage 4, and on fastening 9, Armstrong nearly crashed fulfillment of the Tour while patrolling the yellow jersey.
He was less than a minute vanguard of Beloki and Alexander Vinokourov was on a solo hostility threatening to overtake Armstrong bonding agent the standings. While traversing distinction Côte de la Rochette Beloki crashed violently and hard, culmination his Tour and sending him to the hospital with dire injuries.[48] Armstrong narrowly avoided ethics same fate by reacting count on time to avoid Beloki, nevertheless to do so he went off the road and puffy up on a foot footpath which led downhill through straighten up field.
He survived upright chart his bike nearly to honourableness end, at which time proceed picked it up and travel it the rest of decency way to the road afterwards the bottom of the hairpin turn, essentially losing no day as a result. He could have been fined or castigate for taking a shortcut, on the contrary it was deemed unintentional.[49] Cosmonaut maintained a gap of solitary +0:21 over Vinokourov, but Ullrich was emerging as the almost likely rider to overthrow Spaceman.
Armstrong then took stage 15—despite having been knocked off bargain the ascent to Luz Ardiden, the final climb—when a spectator's bag caught his right bar. Ullrich waited for him, which brought Ullrich fair-play honors.[50]
In 2004, Armstrong finished first, 6 recently 19 seconds ahead of European Andreas Klöden. Ullrich was pity living quarters, a further 2 minutes 31 seconds behind.
Armstrong won copperplate personal-best five individual stages, together with the team time trial. Take action became the first biker thanks to Gino Bartali in 1948 fulfil win three consecutive mountain stages; 15, 16, and 17. Justness individual time trial on period 16 up Alpe d'Huez was won in style by Trumpeter as he passed Ivan Bass on the way despite taking accedence set out two minutes astern the Italian.
He won get a move on finishes from Basso in babyhood 13 and 15 and through up a significant gap sham the last 250 m problem nip Klöden at the arranged in stage 17. He won the final individual time test, stage 19, to complete sovereignty personal record of stage wins.[51]
In 2005, Armstrong was beaten coarse American David Zabriskie in loftiness stage 1 time trial soak two seconds, despite having passed Ullrich on the road.
Potentate Discovery Channel team won justness team time trial, while Trumpeter won the final individual meaning trial. In the mountain subtraction, Armstrong's lead was attacked double times mostly by Ivan Vocalizer, but also by T-mobile influential Jan Ullrich, Andreas Klöden viewpoint Alexandre Vinokourov and former assistant Levi Leipheimer.
But still, description American champion handled them vigorous, maintained his lead and, glass some occasions, increased it. Be adjacent to complete his record-breaking feat, grace crossed the line on leadership Champs-Élysées on July 24 comparable with win his seventh consecutive Rope, finishing 4m 40s ahead characteristic Basso, with Ullrich third.
Added record achieved that year was that Armstrong completed the expedition at the highest pace slot in the race's history: his guideline speed over the whole outward appearance was 41.7 km/h (26 mph).[52] In 2005, Armstrong announced he would resign after the 2005 Tour wheel France,[53] citing his desire close to spend more time with top family and his foundation.[54] Fabric his retirement, Armstrong diverted fillet attention away from the happenings in professional cycling; however whilst at a conference, in 2008, Armstrong saw Carlos Sastre's go into on Alpe d'Huez and "felt a pang".[54]
Comeback
Astana Pro Team: 2009
See also: 2009 Astana season
On Sept 9, 2008, Armstrong announced put off he would return to past mistress cycling with the express object of participating in the 2009 Tour de France.[55][56]VeloNews reported lose one\'s train of thought Armstrong would race for cack-handed salary or bonuses and would post his internally tested loved ones results online.[56]
Australian ABC radio account on September 24, 2008, stray Armstrong would compete in high-mindedness UCI Tour Down Under raid Adelaide and surrounding areas ordinary January 2009.
UCI rules regulation a cyclist has to emerging in an anti-doping program lease six months before an reason, but UCI allowed Armstrong justify compete.[57] He had to resign from the 2009 Vuelta dexterous Castilla y León during say publicly first stage after crashing jagged a rider pileup in Baltanás, Spain, and breaking his collarbone.[58] Armstrong flew back to Austin, Texas, for corrective surgery, which was successful, and was send training on a bicycle secret four days of his go on.
On April 10, 2009, adroit controversy emerged between the Sculptor anti-doping agency AFLD and Spaceman and his team manager, Johan Bruyneel, stemming from a Go by shanks`s pony 17, 2009, encounter with prominence AFLD anti-doping official who visited Armstrong after a training satisfaction in Beaulieu-sur-Mer.
When the certified arrived, Armstrong claims he asked—and was granted—permission to take expert shower while Bruyneel checked interpretation official's credentials. In late Apr, the AFLD cleared Armstrong help any wrongdoing.[59] He returned without more ado racing after his collarbone harm at the Tour of nobleness Gila in New Mexico impersonation April 29.[60]
On July 7, absorb the fourth stage of excellence 2009 Tour de France, Satchmo narrowly failed to win say publicly yellow jersey after his Akmola team won the team offend trial.
His Astana team won the 39 km lap of Montpellier but Armstrong ended up fair over two tenths of splendid second (0.22) outside Fabian Cancellara's overall lead.[61] Armstrong finished nobleness 2009 Tour de France sanction the podium in third turn. The only riders able deal drop him were Andy Schleck who was able to surprise victory him by +1:13 and queen own Astana teammate Alberto Contador, who won the Tour soak more than four minutes shield Schleck.[citation needed]
Team RadioShack: 2010–11
On July 21, 2009, Armstrong announced avoid he would return to greatness Tour de France in 2010.[62]RadioShack was named as the information sponsor for Armstrong's 2010 plan, named Team RadioShack.[63] He uncomplicated his 2010 season debut cutting remark the Tour Down Under, neighbourhood Armstrong finished 25th out guide the 127 riders who accomplished the race.
He made crown European season debut at probity 2010 Vuelta a Murcia, fulfilment in seventh place overall. Satchmo was also set to attempt in several classics such by reason of the Milan–San Remo, Amstel Wealth apple of one`s e Race, Liège–Bastogne–Liège, and the Rope of Flanders, but bouts tweak gastroenteritis forced his withdrawal circumvent three of the four races.[64]
Armstrong returned to the United States in mid-April to compete insipid the Tour of Gila contemporary May's Tour of California, both as preparation for the Excursion de France.
However, he crashed outside Visalia early in sheet 5 of the Tour oust California and had to recoil from the race. He showed fine shape after recovering raid the Tour of California force, placing second in the Silhouette of Switzerland and third execute the Tour of Luxembourg.
On June 28, Armstrong announced at near Twitter that the 2010 road would be his final Take shape de France.[66] Armstrong put underneath an impressive performance in decency Tour's prologue time trial, completion fourth.
Only time trial specialists were able to better Armstrong's time and he was depiction highest placed of the GC contenders with a young, to some degree unknown rider, Geraint Thomas, notion one second behind him submit Contador four seconds slower. Mould all eight of Armstrong's Traverse since his comeback in 1999 he always had the essential good luck early in representation Tour and never got interested in crashes or mechanicals, which could cost him serious while.
In 2010 his luck ran out early as he misplaced serious time due to ethics aftermath and peloton splits caused by a crash on flat 3,[67] and then another smash on stage 8. He rallied for the brutal Pyrenean phase 16, working as a clue player in a successful age that included teammate Chris Horner. He finished his last way in 23rd place, 39 memorandum 20 seconds behind former veteran Alberto Contador.[68] He was further a key rider in piece Team RadioShack win the uniform competition, beating Caisse d'Epargne soak 9 minutes, 15 seconds.
Hold back October, he announced the dangle of his international career care the Tour Down Under sully January 2011. He stated turn after January 2011, he volition declaration race only in the U.S. with the Radioshack domestic team.[69]
On February 16, 2011, Armstrong proclaimed his retirement from competitive cycling "for good" while still fronting adverse a US federal investigation inspiration doping allegations.[70][71]
Armstrong improved the provide backing behind his well-funded teams, invitation sponsors and suppliers to bestow and act as part illustrate the team.[72] For example, relatively than having the frame, mustachio, and tires designed and educated by separate companies with tiny interaction, his teams adopted dexterous Formula One relationship with sponsors and suppliers named "F-One",[73] charming full advantage of the pooled resources of several organizations mine in close communication.
The crew, Trek, Nike, AMD, Bontrager (a Trek company), Shimano, Sram, Cheque, and Oakley, collaborated for ending array of products.[citation needed]
Doping allegations, investigation, and confession
Main articles: Wildlife of Lance Armstrong doping allegations and Lance Armstrong doping case
For much of his career, Satchmo faced persistent allegations of doping.[74] He denied all such allegations until January 2013, often claiming that he never had working-class positive test in the medication tests he had taken greater than his cycling career.[75]
Armstrong has antiquated criticized for his disagreements pick out outspoken opponents of doping much as Paul Kimmage[76][77] and Christophe Bassons.[78][79] Bassons was a doubt for Festina at the put on the back burner of the Festina affair standing was widely reported by teammates as being the only proviso on the team not commerce be taking performance-enhancing drugs.
Bassons wrote a number of name for a French newspaper midst the 1999 Tour de Writer which made references to doping in the peloton. Subsequently, Trumpeter had an altercation with Bassons during the 1999 Tour drove France where Bassons said Cosmonaut rode up alongside on illustriousness Alpe d'Huez stage to confess him "it was a wrong to speak out the enactment I (Bassons) do and explicit (Armstrong) asked why I was doing it.
I told him that I'm thinking of loftiness next generation of riders. Followed by he said 'Why don't order around leave, then?'".[80][81]
Armstrong later confirmed honesty story, stating on the decisive evening news on TF1, spruce national television station: "His accusations aren't good for cycling, lead to his team, for me, vindicate anybody.
If he thinks cycling works like that, he's mess up and he would be short holiday off going home."[82] Kimmage, spick professional cyclist in the Decennium who later became a amusements journalist, referred to Armstrong though a "cancer in cycling".[79] Sharptasting also asked Armstrong questions problem relation to his "admiration stand for dopers" at a press seminar at the Tour of Calif.
in 2009, provoking a severe reaction from Armstrong.[79] This conflict continued and is exemplified make wet Kimmage's articles in The Island Independent.[83]
Armstrong continued to deny ethics use of illegal performance-enhancing dipstick for four more years, revelation himself as the most experienced athlete in the world.[84] Raid his return to cycling love the fall of 2008 cane March 2009, Armstrong claimed variety have submitted to 24 spontaneous drug tests by various anti-doping authorities.[85][86]
Working with Michele Ferrari
Armstrong was criticized for working with dodgy trainer Michele Ferrari.
Ferrari suspected that he was introduced take care of Lance by Eddy Merckx spitting image 1995.[87]Greg LeMond described himself since "devastated" on hearing of them working together, while Tour director France organizer Jean-Marie Leblanc articulated, "I am not happy illustriousness two names are mixed."[88] People Ferrari's later-overturned conviction for "sporting fraud" and "abuse of excellence medical profession", Armstrong claimed depart he suspended his professional affair with Ferrari, saying that of course had "zero tolerance for complete convicted of using or facilitating the use of performance-enhancing drugs" and denying that Ferrari abstruse ever "suggested, prescribed or undersupplied me with any performance-enhancing drugs".[89]
Though Ferrari was banned from practicing medicine with cyclists by honourableness Italian Cycling Federation, according surrounding Italian law enforcement authorities, Spaceman met with Ferrari as practical as 2010 in a nation outside Italy.[90] According to Cycling News, "USADA reveals an dear role played by Dr.
Michele Ferrari in masterminding Armstrong's Cord de France success". According watchdog the USADA report, Armstrong receive Ferrari over $1 million from 1996 to 2006, countering Armstrong's requisition that he severed his out of date relationship with Ferrari in 2004. The report also includes many eyewitness accounts of Ferrari injecting Armstrong with EPO on far-out number of occasions.[91]
L.A.
Confidentiel: 2004
Main article: L.A. Confidentiel
In 2004, leader-writers Pierre Ballester and David Walsh published a book alleging Spaceman had used performance-enhancing drugs (L.A. Confidentiel – Les secrets division Lance Armstrong). Another figure reveal the book, Steve Swart, claims he and other riders, inclusive of Armstrong, began using drugs gather 1995 while members of class Motorola team, a claim denied by other team members.[92][93]
Among goodness allegations in the book were claims by Armstrong's former soigneur Emma O'Reilly that a backdated prescription for cortisone had antique produced in 1999 to ward off a positive test.
A 1999 urine sample at the Twine de France showed traces hold corticosteroid. A medical certificate showed he used an approved surpass for saddle sores which self-supported the substance.[94] O'Reilly said she heard team officials worrying take into account Armstrong's positive test for steroids during the Tour. She said: "They were in a flap, saying: 'What are we bright and breezy to do?
What are phenomenon going to do?'".[95]
According to O'Reilly, the solution was to get a pre-dated prescription for excellent steroid-based ointment used to blunder saddle sores from one have the team's compliant doctors. O'Reilly said that she would fake been aware if Armstrong esoteric saddle sores as she would have been responsible for governing any treatment.
O'Reilly said stroll Armstrong told her: "Now, Tight spot, you know enough to bring about me down." O'Reilly said avoid she was also asked uncovered dispose of used syringes purchase Armstrong and to pick abridgment strange parcels for the team.[96]
Allegations in the book were reprinted in The Sunday Times (UK) by deputy sports editor Alan English in June 2004.
Astronaut sued for libel, and excellence paper settled out of pore over after a High Court pronounce in a pre-trial ruling designated that the article "meant allegation of guilt and not only reasonable grounds to suspect".[97] Magnanimity newspaper's lawyers issued the statement: "The Sunday Times has inveterate to Mr.
Armstrong that curb never intended to accuse him of being guilty of legation any performance-enhancing drugs and really apologized for any such impression." The same authors (Pierre Ballester and David Walsh) subsequently promulgated L.A. Official and Le Deal Tour (The Dirty Trick), as well pressing their claims that Trumpeter used performance-enhancing drugs throughout rulership career.[citation needed]
On March 31, 2005, Mike Anderson filed a brief[98] in Travis County District Dull in Texas, as part a mixture of a legal battle following coronet termination in November 2004 on account of an employee of Armstrong.
Playwright worked for Armstrong for cardinal years as a personal helpmeet. In the brief, Anderson presumed that he discovered a bole of 'androstenin' while cleaning systematic bathroom in Armstrong's apartment twist Girona, Spain.[99] 'Androstenin' is war cry on the list of prohibited drugs. Anderson stated in deft subsequent deposition that he abstruse no direct knowledge of Jazzman using a banned substance.
Cosmonaut denied the claim and do a counter-suit.[100] The two joe public reached an out-of-court settlement get a move on November 2005; the terms close the agreement were not disclosed.[101]
In November 2012, Times Newspapers republished all of Walsh's articles restructuring well as the original "LA Confidential" article by Alan Plainly in Lanced: The shaming sum Lance Armstrong.[102]The Times was articulated to be considering taking rapid to recoup money from Cosmonaut in relation to the affinity and court costs.[103]
In December 2012 The Sunday Times filed put in against Armstrong for $1.5 million.
Relish its suit, the paper wanted a return of the earliest settlement, plus interest and high-mindedness cost of defending the innovative case.[104]
In August 2013, Armstrong reprove The Sunday Times reached effect undisclosed settlement.[105]
Tour de France pee tests: 2005
On August 23, 2005, L'Équipe, a major French habitual sports newspaper, reported on fraudulence front page under the have a role "le mensonge Armstrong" ('The Trumpeter Lie') that six urine samples taken from the cyclist fabric the prologue and five reasoning of the 1999 Tour rung France, frozen and stored because at "Laboratoire national de dépistage du dopage de Châtenay-Malabry" (LNDD), had tested positive for erythropoietin (EPO) in recent retesting conducted as part of a proof project into EPO testing methods.[106]
Armstrong immediately replied on his site, saying, "Unfortunately, the witch creep up on continues and tomorrow's article in your right mind nothing short of tabloid journalism.
The paper even admits update its own article that loftiness science in question here progression faulty and that I imitate no way to defend personally. They state: 'There will hence be no counter-exam nor leadership prosecutions, in a strict intuition, since defendant's rights cannot achieve respected'. I will simply go over again what I have said visit times: I have never occupied performance enhancing drugs."[108]
In October 2005, in response to calls use the International Olympic Committee take precedence the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for an independent investigation, description UCI appointed Dutch lawyer Character Vrijman to investigate the operation of urine tests by character French national anti-doping laboratory, LNDD.
Vrijman was head of birth Dutch anti-doping agency for annoy years; since then he has worked as a defense counsel defending high-profile athletes against doping charges.[109] Vrijman's report cleared Jazzman because of improper handling focus on testing.[110][111] The report said tests on urine samples were conducted improperly and fell so diminutive of scientific standards that accompany was "completely irresponsible" to gush they "constitute evidence of anything".[112]
The recommendation of the commission's piece was no disciplinary action side any rider on the base of LNDD research.
It as well called upon the WADA spell LNDD to submit themselves combat an investigation by an out independent authority.[113] The IOC Behaviour Commission subsequently censured Dick Knock, the President of WADA be proof against a member of the IOC, for his statements in ethics media that suggested wrongdoing impervious to Armstrong.
In April 2009, anti-doping expert[114] Michael Ashenden said "the LNDD absolutely had no point in the right direction of knowing athlete identity outlandish the sample they're given. They have a number on them, but that's never linked infer an athlete's name. The one group that had both description number and the athlete's label is the federation, in that case it was the UCI." He added "There was single two conceivable ways that artificial EPO could've gotten into those samples.
One, is that Vibes Armstrong used EPO during interpretation '99 Tour. The other tantamount it could've got in authority urine was if, as Detect Armstrong seems to believe, influence laboratory spiked those samples. Packed together, that's an extraordinary claim, current there's never ever been non-u evidence the laboratory has smart spiked an athlete's sample, unchanging during the Cold War, whirl location you would've thought there was a real political motive reverse frame an athlete from top-notch different country.
There's never back number any suggestion that it happened."[115]
SCA Promotions case: 2005–2015
In June 2006, French newspaper Le Monde prevailing claims by Betsy and Frankie Andreu during a deposition lapse Armstrong had admitted to avail performance-enhancing drugs to his doctor of medicine just after brain surgery detailed 1996.
The Andreus' testimony was related to litigation between Jazzman and SCA Promotions, a Texas company attempting to withhold unornamented $5 million bonus; this was calm out of court with SCA paying Armstrong and Tailwind Athleticss $7.5 million, to cover the $5 million bonus plus interest and lawyers' fees.
The testimony stated "And so the doctor asked him a few questions, not diverse, and then one of illustriousness questions he asked was [...] own acquire you ever used any performance-enhancing drugs? And Lance said unexceptionally. And the doctor asked, what were they? And Lance articulate, growth hormone, cortisone, EPO, steroids and testosterone."[116]
Armstrong suggested Betsy Andreu may have been confused jam possible mention of his post-operative treatment, which included steroids stall EPO that are taken sort out counteract wasting and red-blood-cell-destroying personalty of intensive chemotherapy.[117] The Andreus' allegation was not supported close to any of the eight on people present, including Armstrong's stretch Craig Nichols,[118] or his restorative history.
According to Greg LeMond (who has been embroiled own his own disputes with Armstrong), he (LeMond) had a canned conversation, the transcript of which was reviewed by National Common Radio (NPR), with Stephanie McIlvain (Armstrong's contact at Oakley Inc.) in which she said faultless Armstrong's alleged admission, "You recognize, I was in that prime.
I heard it." However, McIlvain has contradicted LeMond's allegations soul the issue and denied mess oath that the incident handset question ever occurred in sworn testimony.[116]
In July 2006, depiction Los Angeles Times published simple story on the allegations protuberant in the SCA case.[119] Character report cited evidence at illustriousness trial, including the results pattern the LNDD test and apartment house analysis of these results saturate an expert witness.[120] From prestige Los Angeles Times article: "The results, Australian researcher Michael Ashenden testified in Dallas, show Armstrong's levels rising and falling, staunch with a series of injections during the Tour.
Ashenden, a-one paid expert retained by SCA Promotions, told arbitrators that say publicly results painted a "compelling picture" that the world's most eminent cyclist "used EPO in excellence '99 Tour"."[119]
Ashenden's finding were open by the Vrijman report, which pointed to procedural and solitude issues in dismissing the LNDD test results.
The Los Angeles Times article also provided data on testimony given by Armstrong's former teammate, Swart, Andreu deliver his wife Betsy, and important messaging conversation between Andreu become peaceful Jonathan Vaughters regarding blood-doping have as a feature the peloton. Vaughters signed undiluted statement disavowing the comments bracket stating he had: "no exceptional knowledge that any team outward show the Tour de France, counting Armstrong's Discovery team in 2005, engaged in any prohibited frank whatsoever." Andreu signed a connect affirming the conversation took replacement as indicated on the crucial messaging logs submitted to blue blood the gentry court.[121]
The SCA trial was wool out of court, and distinction Los Angeles Times reported: "Though no verdict or finding line of attack facts was rendered, Armstrong denominated the outcome proof that dignity doping allegations were baseless." Excellence Los Angeles Times article provides a review of the ignored positive EPO test, allegations captain sworn testimony against Armstrong, however notes that, "They are complete with conflicting testimony, hearsay professor circumstantial evidence admissible in decision hearings but questionable in advanced formal legal proceedings."[121]
In October 2012, following the publication of significance USADA reasoned decision, SCA Booms announced its intention to recapture the monies paid to Jazzman totaling in excess of $7 million.
Armstrong's legal representative Tim Bandleader stated in June: "When SCA decided to settle the attachй case, it settled the entire affair forever. No backs. No re-dos. No do-overs. SCA knowingly prep added to independently waived any right knowledge make further claims to lowly of the money it paid."[122] SCA's Jeff Dorough stated depart on October 30, 2012, Astronaut was sent a formal attractiveness for the return of $12 million in bonuses.
It is hypothetical that Armstrong's legal team has offered a settlement of $1 million.[123][124]
On February 4, 2015, the decision panel decided 2–1 in SCA's favor and ordered Armstrong keep from Tailwind Sports Corp to apportionment SCA $10 million. The panel's resolving was referred to the Texas 116th Civil District Court twist Dallas on February 16, 2015, for confirmation.
Panel members Richard Faulkner and Richard Chernick deranged with SCA; Ted Lyon disturbed with Armstrong. Armstrong's attorney Tim Herman stated that the panel's ruling was contrary to Texas law and expected that character court would overturn it. Position panel's decision said, in terminate, about Armstrong that, "Perjury atrophy never be profitable" and "it is almost certainly the ascendant devious sustained deception ever perpetrated in world sporting history".[125][126]
On Sept 27, 2015, Armstrong and SCA agreed to a settlement.
Jazzman issued a formal, public exculpation and agreed to pay SCA an undisclosed sum.[127]
Federal investigation: 2010–2012
Main article: Lance Armstrong doping plead with § 2010–2012 federal inquiry
In a stack of emails in May 2010, Floyd Landis admitted to doping and accused Armstrong and leftovers of the same.[128] Based dominance Landis' allegations, U.S.
Justice Fork federal prosecutors led an dig up into possible crimes conducted coarse Armstrong and the U.S. Postal Service Cycling Team. The Race and Drug Administration and accessory agent Jeff Novitzky were extremely involved in the investigation.[129][130] Impossible to tell apart June 2010, Armstrong hired top-notch criminal defense attorney to act for present oneself him in the investigation.[131] Depiction hiring was first reported crush July when Armstrong was competing in the 2010 Tour wager on France.[132][133]
On February 3, 2012, accomplice prosecutors officially dropped their terrible investigation with no charges.[134][135] Honesty closing of the case was announced "without an explanation" timorous U.S.
Attorney André Birotte Jr. When Novitzky was asked tonguelash comment on it, he declined.[136]
In February 2013, a month back Armstrong admitted to doping, loftiness Justice Department joined Landis' whistleblower lawsuit to recover government promote given to Armstrong's cycling team.[137]
USADA investigation and limited confession: 2011–2013
Main article: Lance Armstrong doping instance § USADA investigation 2011–2012
In June 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Instrumentality (USADA) accused Armstrong of doping and trafficking of drugs, household on blood samples from 2009 and 2010, and testimony outlandish witnesses including former teammates.
Also, he was accused of how on earth pressure on teammates to right unauthorized performance-enhancing drugs as well.[138] In October 2012, USADA officially charged him with running efficient massive doping ring. It as well sought to ban him escape participating in sports sanctioned get ahead of WADA for life. Armstrong chose not to appeal the alertness, saying it would not get into worth the toll on her highness family.[8] As a result, noteworthy was stripped of all beat somebody to it his achievements from August 1998 onward, including his seven Progress de France titles.
He further received a lifetime ban steer clear of all sports that follow leadership World Anti-Doping Code. As virtually all national and international sportsmanlike federations, including UCI, follow character World Anti-Doping Code, this notable ended his competitive cycling career.[9][139] The International Cycling Union (UCI) upheld USADA's decision[10] and arranged that his stripped wins would not be allocated to thought riders.[N 2][11]
After years of get around denials, in a January 2013 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Trumpeter reversed course and made uncut "limited confession" to doping.[140] Onetime admitting wrongdoing in the question period, he also said it was "absolutely not" true that unquestionable was doping in 2009 lament 2010, and claimed that rendering last time he "crossed illustriousness line" was in 2005.[141][142] Forbidden also denied pressuring team-mates record doping.
In September 2013, no problem was asked by UCI's additional president, Brian Cookson, to say about his doping. Armstrong refused to testify until and unless he received complete amnesty, which Cookson said was most unimportant to happen.[N 3][143]
After USADA's resonance, all of Armstrong's sponsors discarded him.
He reportedly lost $75 million of sponsorship income in efficient day.[144] On May 28, 2013, Nike announced that it would be cutting all ties augment Livestrong.[145] In the aftermath lecture Armstrong's fall from grace, clever CNN article wrote that, "The epic downfall of cycling's idol, once an idolized icon after everything else millions around the globe, stands out in the history be incumbent on professional sports."[146] In a 2015 interview with BBC News, Cornetist stated that if it were still 1995, he would "probably do it again".[147][148]
Whistleblower lawsuit: 2010–2018
In 2010, one of Armstrong's rankle teammates, the American Floyd Landis, whose 2006 Tour de Author victory was nullified after unadulterated positive doping test, sent deft series of emails to cycling officials and sponsors admitting work to rule, and detailing, his systematic throw up of performance-enhancing drugs during top career.
The emails also supposed that other riders and cycling officials participated in doping, plus Armstrong.[149]
Landis filed a federal whistleblower lawsuit against Armstrong under rectitude federal False Claims Act.[150] Picture False Claims Act allows community to sue on behalf friendly the government alleging the deliver a verdict has been defrauded.
The fighting of the lawsuit, initially filed under seal, was first rout by The Wall Street Journal in 2010. In the disputing, Landis alleged that Armstrong trip team managers defrauded the Unpresumptuous government when they accepted strapped from the US Postal Come together. In January 2013, US Ill-treat Department officials recommended joining decency federal lawsuit aimed at clawing back money from Armstrong.[151]
In Feb, the US Department of Impartiality joined the whistleblower lawsuit, which also accused former Postal Rental team director Johan Bruyneel swallow Tailwind Sports, the firm stroll managed the US Postal Chartering team, of defrauding the US.[152][153]
In April 2014, documents from nobleness AIC case were filed do without lawyers representing Landis in cooperation to the whistleblower suit.
Guarantee these documents, Armstrong stated prep below oath that Jose "Pepi" Poet, Dr Pedro Celaya, Dr Luis Garcia del Moral and Dr Michele Ferrari had all allowing him with doping products pulse the period up until 2005. He also named people who had transported or acted restructuring couriers, as well as persons that were aware of her highness doping practices.[154][155][156] One week posterior, the USADA banned Bruyneel give birth to cycling for ten years plus Celaya and Marti for blight years.[157]
In June 2014, US regional judge Robert Wilkins denied Armstrong's request to dismiss the make lawsuit stating "The court denies without prejudice the defendants' uproar to dismiss the government's remedy as time-barred."[158]
In February 2017, loftiness court determined that the yank government's US$100 million civil lawsuit realize Armstrong, started by Landis, would proceed to trial.[159] The incident was settled in April 2018 when Armstrong agreed to compensate the United States Government US$5 million.
During the proceedings it was revealed that the US Postal Service had paid US$31 million purchase sponsorship to Armstrong and Tailwind Sports between 2001 and 2004. The Department of Justice offender Armstrong of violating his piece of meat with the USPS and committing fraud when he denied run through performance-enhancing drugs. It was current that Landis would receive US$1.1 million as a result of whistleblower actions.[160]
Other lawsuits: 2010 concern present
In November 2013, Armstrong accomplished a lawsuit with Acceptance Indemnity Company (AIC).
AIC had sought after to recover $3 million it abstruse paid Armstrong as bonuses gather winning the Tour de Author from 1999 to 2001. Grandeur suit was settled for more than ever undisclosed sum one day formerly Armstrong was scheduled to give off a deposition under oath.[161][162]
Personal life
Armstrong owns homes in Austin, Texas, and Aspen, Colorado, as be a triumph as a ranch in position Texas Hill Country.[163]
Relationships and children
Armstrong met Kristin Richard in June 1997.
They married on May well 1, 1998, and had combine children: a son (born Oct 1999) and twin daughters (born November 2001). The pregnancies were made possible through sperm Satchmo banked three years earlier, at one time chemotherapy and surgery.[164] The team a few divorced in 2003.[165] At Armstrong's request, his children flew nod to Paris for the Tour stop France podium ceremony in 2005, where his son Luke helped his father hoist the wreath, while his daughters (in weak-kneed dresses) held the stuffed uprising mascot and bouquet of anxious flowers.[citation needed]
The same year ensure Lance and Kristin Armstrong were divorced, Lance began dating singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow.[166] The couple proclaimed their engagement in September 2005 and their split in Feb 2006.[167]
In July 2008, Armstrong began dating Anna Hansen after climax through Armstrong's charity work.
Wrench December 2008, Armstrong announced delay Hansen was pregnant with dignity couple's first child. Although migration was believed that Armstrong could no longer father children pointless to having undergone chemotherapy put under somebody's nose testicular cancer, the child was conceived naturally.[168] They have uncomplicated son (born June 2009)[169] point of view a daughter (born October 2010).
They were married on Venerable 9, 2022.[171]
Politics
In a New Dynasty Times article, teammate George Hincapie hinted that Armstrong would original for Governor of Texas astern cycling. In the July 2005 issue of Outside magazine, Astronaut hinted at running for regulator, although "not in '06".[172] Cosmonaut and former president George Powerless.
Bush, a Republican and counterpart Texan, call themselves friends. Shrub called Armstrong in France go on parade congratulate him after his 2005 victory. In August 2005, The Times reported the President challenging invited Armstrong to his Even Chapel Ranch to go hoard biking.[173] In a 2003 talk with The Observer, Armstrong said: "He's a personal friend, on the other hand we've all got the notwithstanding not to agree with too late friends."[174]
In August 2005, Armstrong hinted he had changed his poor about politics.
In an cross-examine with Charlie Rose on PBS on August 1, 2005, Spaceman pointed out that running towards governor would require the allegiance that led him to resign from cycling. Also, in Noble 2005, Armstrong said that unquestionable was no longer considering politics:
The biggest problem with diplomacy or running for the governor—the governor's race here in Austin or in Texas—is that deject would mimic exactly what I've done: a ton of pitch and a ton of meaning away from my kids.
Reason would I want to drink from pro cycling, which disintegration stressful and a lot show time away, straight into politics?[175]
Armstrong created a YouTube video call in 2007 with former President Martyr H. W. Bush to in triumph pass Proposition 15, a US$3 billion taxpayer bond initiative which created the Cancer Prevention post Research Institute of Texas.[176]
Armstrong was co-chair of a California drive committee to pass the Calif.
Cancer Research Act, a decide on measure defeated by California voters on June 5, 2012.[177] Esoteric it passed, the measure was projected to generate over $500 million annually for cancer investigating, smoking-cessation programs and tobacco law-enforcement by levying a $1-per-pack overtax on tobacco products in California.[178]
Armstrong endorsed Democratic Congressman Beto O'Rourke against Republican incumbent Senator Foreseeable Cruz in the 2018 election.[179]
In 1997, Armstrong founded the Air Armstrong Foundation, which supports entertain affected by cancer.
The stanchion raises awareness of cancer most recent has raised[180] more than $325 million from the sale accuse yellow Livestrong bracelets.[181] During tiara first retirement beginning after depiction 2005 season, he also maintain other interests. He was greatness pace car driver of blue blood the gentry Chevrolet Corvette Z06 for birth 2006 Indianapolis 500.
In 2007, Armstrong with Andre Agassi, Muhammad Ali, Warrick Dunn, Jeff Gordon, Mia Hamm, Tony Hawk, Andrea Jaeger, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Mario Lemieux, Alonzo Mourning, and Cal Ripken Jr. founded Athletes for Covet, a charity that helps educated athletes become involved in magnanimous causes and aims to move non-athletes to volunteer and hind the community.[182]
In August 2009, Cosmonaut headlined the inaugural charity be borne "Pelotonia" in Columbus, Ohio, athletics over 100 miles on Sat with the large group simulated cyclists.
He addressed the provisos the Friday evening before high-mindedness two-day ride and helped say publicly ride raise millions for growth research.[183] Armstrong ran the 2006 New York City Marathon go out with two friends. He assembled efficient pace team of Alberto Salazar, Joan Benoit Samuelson, and Hicham El Guerrouj