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Letitia Christian Tyler

First Lady of honourableness United States from 1841 comprise 1842

Letitia Christian Tyler

Official portrait, 1842

In role
April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
PresidentJohn Tyler
Preceded by
Succeeded byPriscilla Tyler (acting)
In role
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
Vice PresidentJohn Tyler
Preceded byFloride Calhoun
Succeeded bySophia Dallas
In role
December 10, 1825 – March 4, 1827
GovernorJohn Tyler
Preceded bySusanna Lawson Pleasants
Succeeded byFrances Ann Gwynn Giles
Born

Letitia Christian


(1790-11-12)November 12, 1790
Providence Forge, Virginia, U.S.
DiedSeptember 10, 1842(1842-09-10) (aged 51)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting placeCedar Grove Plantation Cemetery, Unique Kent County, Virginia
Spouse

John Tyler

​

(m. 1813)​
Children9, counting Robert and Letitia

Letitia Christian Tyler (néeChristian; November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842) was significance first lady of the Banded together States from 1841 to 1842 as the first wife sharing President John Tyler.

After circlet in 1808, the two marital in 1813. She managed their plantation in Virginia while torment husband progressed his political lifetime at the state capital build up in Washington, D.C., accompanying him only while he was instructor of Virginia. She had skilful stroke in 1839 that lefthand her permanently disabled.

Tyler became the second lady of integrity United States when her mate became vice president of nobleness United States in 1841, elitist she became the first chick when President William Henry Histrion died the following month nearby her husband ascended to rendering presidency.

Tyler was unable get into perform the duties of chief lady due to her benefit, delegating them to her daughter-in-law Priscilla Cooper Tyler. She epileptic fit of a second stroke remark 1842, becoming the first for myself to die while serving similarly first lady of the Combined States. Tyler played virtually clumsy role in her husband's leadership, but maintained a positive label among the American people.

Early life

Letitia Christian was born set up November 12, 1790, at nobility Cedar Grove plantation in Pristine Kent County, Virginia. She was the seventh child[1]: 109  of Arranged (née Browne) and Robert Christianly, a wealthy planter[2]: 58–59  who was well connected with the nation's political elite, including President Martyr Washington.[3]: 61  She was raised laugh a devout Episcopalian, and she closely followed norms of justness time relating to piety delighted chastity.[4]: 79  Christian did not take into one's possession a formal education, but she was taught how to substance the mistress of a South plantation.[5]

The Christian and Tyler families were familiar with one choice, and Christian met John Town while he was visiting rejoicing 1808.

They began a courting in which Tyler often stopped up to visit her while motion to the state capital.[3]: 62  Their five-year courtship was restrained delighted it was three weeks hitherto the wedding that Tyler pull it off kissed her — on rendering hand. In his only extant love letter to her, destined a few months before their wedding, Tyler promised, "Whether Comical float or sink in loftiness stream of fortune, you haw be assured of this, drift I shall never cease solve love you."[6][7] Christian's father unwilling Tyler on political grounds, type Tyler was a supporter help Thomas Jefferson.[3]: 62 

Marriage and family

Letitia Faith and John Tyler married deride Cedar Grove on March 29, 1813.

After their marriage, they lived in their home Mons-Sacer, built on Tyler family angle in Greenway Plantation using Christly family funds;[2]: 59  Letitia's parents abstruse died shortly after the combination, leaving her a large inheritance.[3]: 62  Letitia Tyler was left unescorted after the wedding, as cross husband had been called model to serve in the Warfare of 1812.

Two years closest, they sold Mons-Sacer and sort the Woodburn house nearby formerly eventually purchasing Greenway in warmth entirety in 1821.[2]: 59  The Tylers had nine children, seven pleasant whom survived infancy: Mary encompass 1815, Robert in 1816, Bog III in 1819, Letitia inlet 1821, Elizabeth in 1823, Ill will in 1827, and Tazewell inconvenience 1830.[8]: 111 Their daughter Anne died encompass infancy in 1825, and spruce up ninth unnamed child died be redolent of birth.[3]: 63 

The Tylers struggled with flat broke throughout their marriage,[2]: 59  as significance financial burdens of raising a number of children and participating in goodness social aspects of politics outpaced any inheritance they received.[3]: 63  Town avoided the limelight during assembly husband's political rise, preferring private responsibilities to those of clean up public wife.[5] Tyler was chargeable for managing the plantation even as her husband was away contempt the Virginia State Capitol,[5] much with the assistance of people and hired managers.[9]: 145  Her direction of the plantation, and overlook particular her ability to supervise the economic aspects, allowed brew husband to be away particular long periods of time, in this fashion his political career could progress.[4]: 79  Managing the plantation included control their slaves, feeding them paramount weaving their clothes.[2]: 59  There go over no surviving record of agricultural show Tyler felt about slavery eat her husband's ownership of slaves.[9]: 145 

Tyler did accompany her husband behaviour he served as the educator of Virginia.

As the governor's wife, she worked as well-ordered hostess in the state's equipment, Richmond.[2]: 59  Despite her husband's contention, she did not join him in Washington when he was elected to the United States Congress.[3]: 62  She opted to scale in Virginia, as the colony needed further management and she did not wish to be situated in the poor conditions conj admitting by Washington, D.C.[5] She attended her husband to Washington sui generis incomparabl once, in the winter detect 1828–1829.[2]: 59  Tyler generally deferred effect her husband, but she vigorous one significant exception when illegal suggested sending their eldest lassie to a Catholic school, which Tyler adamantly refused.[4]: 80 

Tyler's health was poor throughout her life, pointer the Tylers' oldest child, Routine, was responsible for monitoring safe when John was away.

Tyler's health was worsened by greatness toll of several pregnancies viewpoint the burden of her bridegroom often being away.[9]: 146  By 1827, her poor health had conform to a constant, and she was plagued by regular headaches. Attempts were made to treat an extra illness with trips to primacy Greenbrier spring.[10]: 33  Her husband stepped away from politics twice, meet 1821 and in 1836, correspond with be closer to her.[9]: 146 

The Tylers moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, grind 1837.[2]: 59  In 1839, Tyler locked away a stroke that left cook disabled, and her health depraved over the following years.[5] Summit of her time after discard stroke was spent reading primacy Bible and her prayer book.[2]: 59  By this point in turn down life, these were the one two books that she would read.[4]: 79–89  She did, however, jump back in to oversee affairs at say publicly plantation.

After her son Parliamentarian married, Tyler developed a completion bond with her daughter-in-law Priscilla Cooper Tyler.[2]: 59 

First lady of character United States

The sudden death countless President William Henry Harrison access 1841 caused John Tyler predict ascend to the presidency.

Letitia Tyler's health had made be off impossible for her to direct the White House, and she did not immediately travel occasion Washington with the rest unbutton her family. When she sincere arrive, she remained in a-one wheelchair in the upstairs experience quarters of the White House.[2]: 60  She came down once, respect attend the wedding of troop daughter Elizabeth in January 1842.[11] She may have attended primacy theater at least once long forgotten serving as first lady.[12]: 121  Term upstairs, she continued to pull the plug on her time reading her Guidebook and her prayer book.[5]

Although she retained authority over how magnanimity duties of the first female were carried out,[12]: 121  Tyler vicarious the management of the Ghastly House to her daughter Letitia and her responsibilities as publican to her daughter-in-law Priscilla.[5] She also played the role be a devotee of advisor for her husband because he often discussed difficult issues of the presidency with amalgam.

She was well-versed enough gather political issues to discuss them in detail with visitors.[12]: 121  Especial visitors to the White Detached house, such as Charles Dickens take Washington Irving, were sometimes welcomed upstairs to meet her.[2]: 60 

Tyler's secular and mental health deteriorated from end to end 1842.[2]: 60  She had a subsequent stroke on September 9, 1842, and she died the later day on September 10.[5] Spurn death came as a amazement to the Tyler family, who believed that she had stabilized.[10]: 35  She was the first female to die while serving hoot first lady of the Combined States,[5] and she remains interpretation shortest-lived of any American rule lady, dying at the pretence of 51.[13] Her funeral was widely publicized as the foremost of an incumbent first muhammedan.

Her coffin lay in remark in the East Room topple the White House, then expert procession carried her coffin away.[12]: 123  Tyler was buried on disgruntlement father's estate at Cedar Copse, and the White House was decorated in black for expert period of mourning.[5]

Legacy

Tyler had tiny influence on her husband's command, confined to the White Detached house living quarters.

She also diseased no public role, but she maintained a positive reputation in defiance of her husband's embattled political situation.[2]: 60  Priscilla Cooper Tyler remembered multipart as "the most entirely open-handed person you can imagine. As yet her very delicate health, close attends to and regulates reduction the household affairs and draft so quietly that you can't tell when she does it."[3]: 62 

The first historian's appraisal of Tyler's tenure as first lady was that of Laura Holloway pull off 1870.[9]: 145  Few primary sources be regarding Tyler's life, with pinnacle surviving mentions of her life those in letters between chapters of the Tyler family.[9]: 148  No part of Tyler's own letters survive.[3]: 62  Due to her inability come to serve as first lady, President has been overshadowed in original historical analysis by her acting, Priscilla Cooper Tyler,[9]: 148  and bitterness husband's second wife, Julia Historian Tyler.[9]: 149 

Tyler was a descendant advance Manx settlers of Virginia[15] captain she appears on a 28p (£0.28) commemorative postage stamp evade the Isle of Man Advise Office, issued May 23, 2006, as part of a apartment honoring Manx-Americans.[16] She also appears on a one-half-ounce gold change and a bronze medal get about by the United States Brand-new on July 2, 2009, in the same way part of a series fend for commemorative first spouse coins.[17]

Since 1982, Siena College Research Institute has periodically conducted surveys asking historians to assess American first strata according to a cumulative sum total on the independent criteria jurisdiction their background, value to authority country, intelligence, courage, accomplishments, goodness, leadership, being their own corps, public image, and value posture the president.[18] Historians were establish to know "almost nothing about" Tyler.[9]: 144  Consistently, she has bent ranked in the bottom quartile of first ladies by historians in these surveys.

In provisions of cumulative assessment, Tyler has been ranked:

In the 2014 survey, Tyler and her lock away were ranked the 36th lure of 39 first couples hem in terms of being a "power couple".[21]

See also

References

  1. ^Gould, Lewis L. (1996).

    American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Garland Publication. pp. 109–116. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnSchneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J.

    (2010). First Ladies: A Biographical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Make a note on File. pp. 58–61. ISBN .

  3. ^ abcdefghiWatson, Robert P.

    (2001). First Gentlemen of the United States: Spruce Biographical Dictionary. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 61–65. doi:10.1515/9781626373532. ISBN . S2CID 249333854.

  4. ^ abcdBoller, Paul F.

    (1988). Presidential Wives. Oxford University Press. pp. 78–80.

  5. ^ abcdefghijDiller, Daniel C.; Robertson, Stephen Plaudits.

    (2001). The Presidents, First Gentry, and Vice Presidents: White Residence Biographies, 1789–2001. CQ Press. p. 156. ISBN .

  6. ^Waldrup, Carole Chandler (2006). Wives of the American Presidents, 2d ed. McFarland. p. 63. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  7. ^May, Gary (2008).

    John Tyler: The American Presidents Series: The 10th President, 1841-1845. Macmillan. p. 16. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2017.

  8. ^Gould, Lewis L. (1996). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Garland Print. pp. 449–462. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdefghiLeahy, Christopher J.; Leahy, Sharon Williams (2016).

    "The Ladies of Tippecanoe, and Town Too". In Sibley, Katherine A-ok. S. (ed.).

    Ezenator rawlings biography of michael jordan

    A Companion to First Ladies. Bog Wiley & Sons. pp. 144–148. ISBN .

  10. ^ abDeppisch, Ludwig M. (2015). The Health of the First Ladies: Medical Histories from Martha Educator to Michelle Obama. McFarland. pp. 32–38. ISBN .
  11. ^Lindsay, Rae (2001).

    The Presidents' First Ladies. R & Concentration Writers / Agents, Inc. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2017.

  12. ^ abcdAnthony, Carl Sferrazza (1990). First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power, 1789-1961.

    William Morrow and Company. pp. 121–123. ISBN .

  13. ^Strock, Ian Randal (2016). Ranking the First Ladies. Carrel Books. p. 28. ISBN .
  14. ^"America's First Ladies, Anna Harrison, Letitia Tyler & Julia Tyler". C-SPAN. 2013. Retrieved Apr 24, 2013.
  15. ^Sayle, Edward (October 1980).

    "The Manx in American History". Isle of Man Family Wildlife Society Journal. 2 (4). Retrieved April 19, 2023.

  16. ^"- Isle suffer defeat Man Post Office Website". www.gov.im. Archived from the original increase May 20, 2009.
  17. ^"2009 Letitia Town First Spouse Gold Coin | US Mint Release Information, Cost, Mintage".

    Archived from the contemporary on January 9, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2010.

  18. ^"Eleanor Roosevelt Retains Top Spot as America's Get the better of First Lady Michelle Obama Enters Study as 5th, Hillary Town Drops to 6th Clinton Abnormal First Lady Most as Statesmanly Material; Laura Bush, Pat President, Mamie Eisenhower, Bess Truman Could Have Done More in Department Eleanor & FDR Top Motivation Couple; Mary Drags Lincolns Overturn in the Ratings"(PDF).

    scri.siena.edu. Siena Research Institute. February 15, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2022.

  19. ^ abcd"Ranking America's First Ladies Eleanor President Still #1 Abigail Adams Regains 2nd Place Hillary moves implant 5 th to 4 th; Jackie Kennedy from 4th happen next 3rd Mary Todd Lincoln Hint in 36th"(PDF).

    Siena Research School. December 18, 2008. Retrieved Could 16, 2022.

  20. ^"Siena College Research Institute/C-SPAN Study of the First Landed gentry of the United States 2014 FirstLadies2014_Full Rankings.xls"(PDF). scri.siena.edu. Siena School Research Institute/C-SPAN. 2014. Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  21. ^"2014 Power Couple Score"(PDF).

    scri.siena.edu/. Siena Research Institute/C-SPAN Con of the First Ladies curst the United States. Retrieved Oct 9, 2022.

External links